Braking device.



No. 794,802. PATENTED JULY 18, 1905. C. L. HORAGK.

BRAKING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MARulfi, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED JULY 18, 1905.

G. L. HORAGK.

BRAKING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 16, 1905.

f Ci/ Ihvenivr:

Wi'ilzessas's CZ. C 0.1M

UNITED STATES iatented July 1B, 1905.

PATENT @EEIEE.

BRAKING DEVICE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 794,802, dated July 18,1905.

Application filed March 16, 1905. Serial No. 250,422.

To all, whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. HORAOK, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inBrakingDevices, of which the following-isaspecification.

My invention refers to braking devices of various kinds for resistingrelative movements of portions of astructure by friction and also andmore particularly for resisting such movements where the same produceactions and re actions of a spring interposed between or coacting withsaid relatively movable portions.

The objects of my invention are to provide simple and efiicient brakingmechanisms either in combination with a spring whose actions andreactions are controlled thereby or without such a spring, wherein itmay be possible to vary the resistance exerted by the braking deviceduring different stages of relative movements of the portions of astructure and to make provision for having said devices out of actionduring certain stages of such movements; also, to make such brakingdevices capable of acting during relative movements of the portions ofthe structure in various directions and in various planes; also, topermit of readily regulating, adjusting, and modifyingtheir actions. Iaccomplish these and other useful objects by the means hereinafterspecified, and set forth more particularly in the claims.

As my improvements are especially applicable to the regulation of theactions of cushioning-springs in vehicles, I have in the accompanyingdrawings illustrated the combination of a braking device constructedaccording to my invention with a spring interposed between the seatportion and the wheel portion of a vehicle and will hereinafter moreparticularly refer to such a case, without, however, limiting myself tosuch employment of my improved braking device, as the same might, forinstance, be used as a door-check or for moderating and counteractingvibrations and shocks produced in various kinds of machinery.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical section, partlyinelevation, of portions of aivehicle witha cushioning-spring interposedbetween the same and my improved brake mechanisms combined therewith,such section extending along line I I in Fig. 2, said Fig. 2 being asection along line II II in Fig. 1, portions of the device, however,being shown in top View. Fig. 3 is a section along line III III in Fig.1, and Fig. A a top view of portion of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a side view ofportion of my improved device with the vehicle-body to which it isattached shown in section. Fig. 6 is an end view, on a reduced scale, ofmy improved device with the vehiclebody to which it is attached. Figs.7, 8, 9, and 10 illustrate modifications of portions of my improvedbraking device, Fig. 7 being a longitudinal horizontal section of thesame, partly in top view, and Fig. 8 a longitudinal vertical section,partly in side view, of one of such modifications, and Figs. 9 and 10corresponding views of the principal portion of another suchmodification.

Corresponding letters and figures of reference throughout the differentviews refer to corresponding parts.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, A indicates a side girder ofa vehicle, such as an automobile, B one of the axles, and C acushioning-spring interposed between parts A and B and constructed of amultiplicity of leaves extending in the same plane with girder A. D Dare yokes employed in usual manner to confine said leaves in theirproper relative positions and to secure the same to a bearing E of axleB. F is an elastic bolster or auxiliary cushioning-spring secured togirder'A and made of any suitable material, but preferably made ofrubber and adjusted to be out of action .during the early stages ofcompression of spring (3 and during the later stages of its reaction andto resist its compression to its elastic limit, so as to. guard againstflattening of said sprin 1 is a bar interposed between the leaves ofspring C and bearingE and firmly held in position there by yokes D. Saidbar at one end is provided with a universal joint Zand at the other endwith lugs 3, placed parallel with girder A and spring (I. 4: is abracket hinged to body A by a bolt 5 and provided with arearward-extending arm 6, which carries a universal joint of a splitring and so inserted in a suitable groove on the circumference of disk12 as to normally force the flange of cup 14 outward against the wallsof cylinder 8. Disk 12 is screwed to a tubular piston-rod 16, whichconnects at its lower end by screw-thread with universal joint 2. Whilecup 14 normally closely contacts with the walls of cylinder 8, saidwalls are cut out sufliciently at (0, directly I opposite the positionoccupied by piston 11 when spring 0 is in its normal condition due tonormal tension produced by the usual load thereon while the vehicle isstanding still, that no frictional contact takes place there betweencylinder and piston. The walls at the ends of the cylinder at b and 0are cut out in similar manner, so as to also do away with suchfrictional contact there when spring 0 has reached its extreme limits ofexpansion and contraction as permitted by buffer or auxiliary spring F.The operation of this part of the device is as follows: As spring C isbeing compressed, piston 11 will be forced upward within cylinder 8,whereby check-valve 9 will be forced open and the air in the upperportion of the cylinder will be expelled therefrom, the flange of cap 14meantime hugging the walls of the cylinder until it comes opposite thereceding portion 0 of the same at the time that spring C comes incontact with bolster F when reaction of said spring begins, and inconsequence the piston begins to again move downward. As check-valve 9is then closed, there will be a tendency to form a partial vacuum abovethe piston, which will resist reaction of spring C until the pistonreaches a position opposite a, when the inflow of air upward around saidpiston, together with the flow of air through perforation 10, willequalize the pressures above and below the piston. Upon further upwardexpansion of spring C the piston will travel from a to 0, and again apartial vacuum will be produced above the piston during such traveluntil it becomes neutralized as the piston reaches point 0 andsaidspring again receives compression and the piston starts on itsupward travel. The

recesses in the walls of the cylinder at a, b, and 0 may be made of suchslight depths that while opposite such points the friction between theflangesof cap 14 will be reduced said flanges may still form air-tightjoints at such points, and in that case it will be possible to introducea liquid, such as oilor glycerin, above the piston for assistingin'making such joints tight. V

17 is a turnbuckle hinged to lug 3 by a bolt 18 and provided at itsupper end with lugs 19, placed at right angles to lugs 3.

20 is a compound brake-bar comprising a member 20 and another member 20,a screw 21, passing through member 20 and resting on member 20, and lugs22, integral with member 20 and extending close to member 20 on bothsides thereof, so as to guard against relative lateral displacements ofthe; upper ends of said members.

23 is a pin passing through lugs 19 and through the lower ends ofmembers 20 and 20, so as to permit said members to oscillate around thesame independently and jointly toward and away from girder A.

24 24 are two lugs at the ends of and forming parts of bracket 4.

- 25 is a U-shaped bracket fulcrumed to lugs 24 by bolts 26.

Bar 20 travels up and down between the arms 27 of bracket 25 uponcompression and expansion of spring 12.

28 28 are abutments extending upward, and 29 29 abutments extendingdownward, from the rear ends of arms 27.

30 is a frame or casing placed between bar 20 and vehicle-body 10. Saidframe comprises a rear plate 31, a central plate 32, preferably made ofa hard metal, and a forward plate 33, all joined together by screws 34.

35 35 are hardened bearing-balls confined between plate 32 and plate 33,slots 36 of widths smaller than the diameters of said balls beingprovided on plate 33 for guiding said balls upward and downward and forconfining the same between parts 32 and 33, and shoulders 37 and 38being provided on plate 33, against which said balls come to rest whenforced into their extreme upper and lower po-- sitions.

39 39 are lugs on frame 30. They fit upon the upper and lower surfacesof arms 27', so as to be capable of sliding along the same.

40 40 are screws passing through upper lugs 39 and resting againstabutments 28 28, and 41 41 screws passing through lower lugs 39 andresting against abutments 29 29.

42 is a frame or casing provided on its rear face with two sockets 4343, into which'hardened bearing-balls 44 are made to fit, so as toprevent rolling of said bars within said sockets. 45 45 are thinremovable disks in said sockets-for adjusting the extent to which saidballs are to project outside of the same. Portion 46 of the front faceof frame 42 is constructed as portion of a sphere. which fits into uponbrake-shoes 44. Said frame-47 by means of lugs 48 is guided along theupper and the lower surfaces of arms 27.

49 represents lugs on frame 42, adapted to alternately engage with arms27, so as to allow for the play'required in said universal joint.

50 is a spiral spring inserted between frame 42 and a plate 51, made toride upon arms 27 by means of its lugs 52. 53 is a second spiral springguided by suitable studs 54 and 55, provided on frame 47-and plate 51,respectively. Said springdoes not receive tension as quickly as spring50, but is made of such length that it will become compressed only afterspring 12 has been compressed to a predetermined extent, when it willserve to reinforce spring 50 during greater compressions and reactionsof spring12. The extent to which said spring 50 shall first be socompressed may be adjusted by means of washers, as 56, placed around oneor both of the studs 54 and 55.

57 is a screw passing through yoke and bearing upon plate 51 andpreferably so adjusted as to hold balls and 44 in contact with brake-bar20 when the same is in its normal position, as shown in Fig. 3, without,however, producing such pressures as would create braking action thereupon movement of said brake-bar with reference to said brakeshoes.

On the rear face of member 20 of brakebar 20 parallel longitudinalgrooves 58 are provided, in which balls 35 are made to travel whenspring 12 is being actuated or is reacting and is thereby impartingmovements to bar 20, and on the front face of member 20 parallellongitudinal grooves 59 are provided, within which balls 44 are made totravel during such movements of said bar. The bearing portions of saidgrooves form longitudinal cam-surfaces, as shown more particularly inFig. 3, wherein grooves 58 are made to recede at A and wherein grooves59 are made of. undulating configurations, for reasons hereinafterexplained. The lengths of grooves 58 and 59 slightly exceed the fullextent of the play of spring 12 as limited by buifer 16.

In means for regulating the actions and reactions of a cushioning-springfor vehicles it is desirable for the purpose of securing the greatestcomfort to passengers, providingsuch a spring be sufliciently sensitive,not to interfere materially with a very moderate play of such a springin either direction above and below its normal position, which positionthe spring is assumed to occupy in the drawings. Further, when play ofsuch a spring takes place beyond the very moderate stages above referredto or at all the stages of the play of a comparatively stiff spring itis best to offer greater resistance to reactions of the spring than toits compression or direct action; besides, to offer at least someresistance to any more extensive compressions or direct actions of thespring than the moderate actions above referred to; in addition, toguard against the spring reacting or rebounding much beyond its normalcondition and also to guard against too great frictional resistance insuch regulating means, particularly when after maximum movements of thespring in either direction such movement is being reversed. To complywith the first of above requirements, I make the bearing-surfaces on bar20, which occupy positions directly opposite balls 35 and 44 when saidbar is in its normal position, recede sufliciently to substantially doaway there with any friction between said surfaces of said bar and balls35 and 44 at points a and a, respectively, so as to leave spring freefrom tension. This condition is illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein both onmember 20 and 20 the bearing-surfaces on said members above and belowthe positions of balls 35 and 44 are shown to be substantially parallel,so as to permit of slight up and down movements of bar 20 withoutdisplacing balls 35 upon frame 30 and without producing braking actions.However, in case spring 12 were a comparatively stiff spring I wouldprefer to dispense with such parallel surfaces. In general, I obtaingreater resistance to reactions of spring 12 than to direct actions bygiving to plate 32 an inclination downward toward member 20, as undersuch conditions upward movement of the lower and thicker portions of bar20 with reference to frame 30 coincident with direct action of spring 12will bring the lower surfaces in the grooves on member 20, whichprotrude beyond recess a, in contact with balls 35, so as to roll thesame upward along plate 32 and rearward toward vehicle-body 10 untilsaid balls come to rest against shoulders 37, while simultaneously thelower cam-surfaces on member 20 will force ball 44 toward spring 50, soas to compress the latter and cause the same to yieldingly resist suchmovement of bar 20 by the braking action then produced between said barand said ball, as well as ball 35, bar 20 at the same time slightlyoscillating toward body 10. As bar 20 moves downward again its lowerprotruding portion will roll ball 35 downward until the same comes torest against shoulder 38, and at the same time said ball will force bar20 toward spring 50, thus further tending to compress said spring and toadd to the braking action between said bar and said balls, and it is bythese means that during reaction of the cushioning-spring 12 strongerbraking action is produced than during its direct actions. During suchdownward movement bar 20 will oscillate back and away from part 10.During such oscillations bar 20 will to a slight extent partly revolvearound balls 44 in the plane in which it oscillates. It will be observedthat the inclination of plate 32 with reference to grooves and 56 is thefactor which determines the difierence in braking actions proand c.

duced during direct actions and reactions of spring 12. Thus assumingthat said plate was placed parallel with said grooves there would be nodifference in such braking actions,while by increasing the inclinationof said plate downward and toward bar 20 by means of screws 40 or 11, orboth, such difference may be produced and the. extent of it adjusted. Toprovide some frictional resistance to direct actions of spring 12 beyondmoderate stages, I make the bearin g-surfaces on bar 20 bulge out to asufficient extent at (Z, and to counteract excessive reactions beyondthe normal position of spring 12 1 make said surfaces bulge out insimilar manner at e, and to avoid too great frictional resistance duringreversals in the movements of said spring after its reaching the limitsof its compression and expansion I make said cam-surfaces recede atpoints 5 One of the objects of providing the cam-surface c 'is to meetconditions which occur when a wheel of a vehicle strikes a hole in theroad and when at first the tendency resulting therefrom is to increasethe distance between the axle supporting the cushioningspring C and thebody of the vehicle where it rests upon said spring and to therebyseparate the leaves of said spring and to cause a proportionatel ygreater direct action of the spring immediately afterward. In providingfrictional braking actions during direct actions of spring C forinstance, as balls 4: 1 contact with point cl or travel toward the samefrom their position at a and in also providing frictional brakingactions during reactions of said spring beyond its normal positions assaid balls contact with point a or travel toward the same from (6I-Imeet the conditions generally observed in the actions ofcushioningspringsviz., that the. tendency of such a spring when a shockis imparted to it is to not only return after having been compressed toits original position, but to react beyond the same before finallyreturning to its original position. Point cl is shown to protrude outfarther than point a. This provision is made because great shocksimparted to spring 0 must be counteracted quickly and forcibly as soonas possible after said spring begins to react after having beencompressed to the limit provided by buffer F, while during late stagesof such reaction, and particularly reactions beyond the normal positionof spring C, the force producing the same has been neutralized to aconsiderable extent by the preceding braking action, the intensity ofthe braking actions being increased and decreased according to theextent to which at the various points the cam-surface on part 20,contacting with balls 4:4, protrudes more or less. It will be seen thatWhile said balls contact'with certain portions of said cam-surfaces thebraking actions will be stronger during more extensive actions of spring0 than during more moderate actions-as, for instance, when balls 14 movefrom a to d the intensities of the braking actions then keeping onincreasing throughout said travel, while the opposite conditions willprevail when said balls move from d to b. As in that case, while thedirect action of spring C becomes more extensive the intensities of thebraking actions are gradually becoming less. seen that the brakingactions during certain parts of the travel of balls M Will becomestronger as the reactions of spring C become more extensive-as, forinstance, while said balls move from b to d, While the oppositeconditions will prevail as they move from d to a. It further appearsthat stronger frictional braking actions take place d uring certainparts of the travel forward and ,backward of balls 44 during extensivedirect actions and reactions of the cushioning-spring than during moremoderate actions, the greater braking actions taking place, forinstance, as balls 44 travel from a/ to d and back, while such brakingactions are more moderate when said travel is of less extentas, forinstance, between point a and a point half-way between a and d'and thatthe opposite conditions prevail and weaker braking actions take placeduring more extensive actions and reactions of spring C than during moremoderate actions and reactionsas, forinstance, when said balls travelfrom d to b and back, as compared with their travel from b to a pointhalf-way between d and I) and back.

In making bar 20 sectional,as described, and thereby providing forvarying the distances between its operative faces I am enabled tocontrol in a measure the differences in braking actions to be producedduring different stages of the compressions and reactions of spring 12and to particularly increase the resistance to excessive reactions ofspring 12. Besides, in case of injurious wearing of the bearing-surfaceson one of the members 20 and 20 such member may be renewed withoutdiscarding the other one. By means of turnbuckle 17 I am enabled toproperly adjust the position of bar 20 relative to the brakeshoes whenspring 12 is in its normal position.

I prefer to'protect the braking mechanism by means of a cover dividedalong yoke 25, the upper section of the cover forming a hood ofsuflicient height to at all times entirely inclose the portion of bar 20above said yoke, while the lower section 61 of said cover is open nearthe lower portion of said bar, so as to allow said portion to move intoand out of said cover. The overlapping portions of said sections aresecured to arms 27 by screws, as 62. 7

Besides the advantages which my improved construction oflers, as aboveset forth, I obtain great flexibility throughout thestructure, wherebythe same will accommodate itself readily to any of the various andsudden relative displacements which constantly occur between the seatportion and the wheel portion It will also be of a vehicle, while Iguard at the same time against binding between any of the parts of thestructure'during such movements. In employing hardened bearing-balls, as35 and 44, as brake-shoes I not only obtain such spherical shoes at verylow expense, but also permit of the brake-bar 20 assuming varyingrelative positions with reference to the same without varying theamounts of operative bearing-surfaces and without producing bindingactions between the brake-bar and the brake-shoes. I am also enabled incase balls 44 should wear on one side to reverse the same and utilizetheir opposite sides. By having an independent bearing-plate, as 32,form part of frame 30 I am enabled to readily renew the same whenevernecessary. By securing bar 1 between bearing E and spring C by means ofyokes D, I firmly confine said bar and the joints integral therewith intheir positions without the necessity of drilling any holes for suchpurpose in any portions of the vehicle. By employing an auxiliaryspring, as 53, I am enabled to greatly add to the spring-power appliedto the brake-shoes and the brake-bar when the latter departs considerably from its normal position. By making the yoke within which bar20 moves up and down sectional I not only add to the flexibility of thedevice, but also greatly facilitate the mounting and adjustment of itsparts. The air-cushioning device, embodying cylinder 8 and connectingparts, and the frictional braking device, embodying brake-bar 20 and theparts connecting therewith, are so arranged and proportioned that whenball 44 occupies the position indicated in dotted lines opposite part 7)of bar 20 piston 11 will be opposite part b of cylinder 8 and that whenball 44 is placed in the position 0 the piston will be opposite points 0in said cylinder so that as reversals in the movements of said pistonand said bar take place simultaneously perfect freedom will be allowedin such movements at those times.

While it will be observed that the air-cushioning devices may each beemployed independent of the other for regulating the actions of spring Cas well as the frictional braking mechanism, I prefer to employ the samejointly, as the frictional braking device will take care of roughshocks, while the aircushioning device will moderate and soften theaction of the same.

In place of the air-cushioning device above referred to any othersuitable device of this characteras, for instance, the one illustratedin Fig. 2 of my United States Patent No 689,969-might be employed incombination with the frictional braking mechanism described.

By employing in combination with spring 0 a braking device forregulating and for yieldingly resisting the action of said spring and anauxiliary spring or bolster or buffer,

as F, I am enabled to not only materially reduce the injurious tensionswhich would otherwise be imparted to spring C, but also to moderate andregulate the actions of said spring by a less powerful and much moresensitive braking device and having less play and being of smallerdimensions than would have to be employed otherwise.

In the modified braking device illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 a compoundbrake-bar 63 is hinged at 64 to two clamps 65, secured to axle 11 bybolts 66. Said brake-bar consists of the two members 63 and 63, jointedtogether at their upper ends by a pin 67, and of a screw 63 passingthrough member 63 and resting upon member 63 foradjusting the relativepositions of such members. 68 68 are lugs on member 63 for preventingrelative lateral displacements of such members. 69 is adouble bracketfixedly attached to body 10 by bolts 70, its two arms 71 and 72extending forward and being connected by a bar 73, locking into suitablerecesses in said arms and secured thereto by screws 74. Bar 63 passesthrough the yoke formed by said bracket and said bar 73. 75 is a framesimilar to frame 30, but made of one piece and carrying only one ball76, which is permitted to travel upward and downward within socket 77 onsaid frame. Frame 75 is provided with lugs 78, made to ride upon bracket69 and bar 73. The inclination of frame 75 and its position relative tomember 63 are regulated by set-screws 79 and 80, passing through arm 72.81 is a frame on the opposite side of brake-bar 63, provided with lugs82, riding on bracket 69 and bar 7 3 and containing asocket in whichbearing-ball 83, which is to serve as a brake-shoe, is inserted. 84 isaspiral spring inserted between frame 81 and a plate 85, which by meansof suitable lugs is also capable of riding and traveling on yoke 69 73.Said spring may be tensioned by means of screw 86. 84 is a springauxiliary to spring 84 and which can receive tension only after spring84 has been tensioned to some extent. The faces of members 63 and 63 areeach provided with a groove into which balls 76 and 83, respectively,fit and within which the same travel, said balls in conjunction withsaid grooves forming uni- 'versal joints, which provide for thenecessary flexibility between the different parts. Joint 64 should bemade sufiiciently free to allow bar 63 to slightly oscillate toward andaway from partA in case of relative movements in said directions by suchpart Aand axle 11.

In Figs. 9 and 10 I show a continuous yoke 87, which maybe fixedlyattached to the body 10 of the vehicle. 88 is a solid brake-bar, havingits two operative faces parallel, longitudinal corrugations 89 on one ofsaid faces engaging with corresponding corrugations 90 on the convexbraking-surface of a brake-shoe 91, which is made to ride on yoke 87 bymeans of lugs 92, which are allowed suflieient play so as to permit saidbrake-shoe to slightly revolve upon a universal joint 93, interposedbetween it and a shoe 9%, which shoe is closely guided along said yokeby its flanges 95. 96 is the end portion of a rubber spring insertedwithin said yoke and adapted to enforce operative contact betweenbrakebar 88 and brake-shoe 91 on one side and a cam 97 forming abrake-shoe on the opposite side when the brake-bar is moving downward.Said cam is pivoted to the yoke by a pin 98, the operative cam-surface XY being nearest to said pivot at X and further therefrom at Y. 99 and100 are two lugs on said cam, lug 99 being adapted to engage with and tobe arrested by a screw 101, passing through an abutment 102 on saidyoke, and 100 to engage with a screw 103. passing through an abutment104 on said yoke, whereby the extreme play of said cam may be regulated.The tension of spring 96 is so adjusted that as brakebar 88 is movingupward it will contact with said cam under sufficient pressure to byits" movement swing the same in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 10until the portion X is brought directly opposite bar 88. This will allowspring 96 to expand sufficiently to reduce the frictional brakingcontact between shoes 91 and 97 and bar 88, so as to allow comparativelyfree upward movement of said bar, while upon its return movement it willswing cam 97 back into the position shown in Fig. 10 and will therebyproduce increased compression of spring 96, and consequently increasedbraking action on said bar. The surface on bar 88 facing cam 97 I preferto provide with a groove 89 substantially fitting the roundedbearing-surfaee on said cam.

I do not wish to confine myself to the details and detail combinationsabove set forth,

as the same might be varied materially withv out departing from thespirit of my invention. Other forms of stationary brake-shoes might besubstituted for those illustrated, and rollers might be made to take theplace of traveling bearing-balls 35 and 76. lnstead of making the upperand the lower portions of grooves 58 straight they might also be madecurving to assist in bringing about the results obtained in making thebearing-surfaces on the rear face of bar cam-shaped. Instead .of havingtwo joints between brackets 3 and bar 20 one universal joint might beused. The brake-bar instead of being made sectional or compound might bemade solid, and any suitable form of spring might be used instead of thespiral and rubber springs illustrated for enforcing operative contactbetween the brake-bar and the brake-shoes. Further, such springs mightbe so tensioned that at any stage of the movement of the brake-bar andalso While the same is stationary and in its normal position brakingaction be produced. The brake-bar need not necessarily be made to moveVertically and might be adjusted to move downward during direct actionof spring 12 and .upward during reaction of the same. A spring, as 50,might be placed behind a brake-shoejas 44, on each side of the brakebar20. Where, however, a ball or a roller adapted to travel on a frame 3132 33 is to be used, such frame might be hinged at its upper end andprovided with a spring in the rear of the lower end of said frame forforcing the latter toward the brake-bar. When required, the hinge of thebrake-bar might be placed directly opposite casing 49, and, further, thebrake-bar may be kept in contact with the brake-shoe onlyintermittently.

I claim 1. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-barmounted upon the other portion and adjusted to permit of longitudinal.movements toward and away from said brake-shoe, means for forcing barand brake-shoe one against the other in a direction lateral to saidmovements, and means for regulating the intensity of the force soapplied to bar and shoe while the same occupy the same relativepositions.

2. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, and a brake-barpivoted to the other portion and adjusted to permit of movements of saidbar and its pivot toward and away from said brakeshoc; means forswinging said bar toward said shoe, and means for regulating the extentof such swinging movements.

3. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a pivot provided on one of said portions, a brake-bar capable ofrocking around said pivot, a brakeshoe mounted uponthe other portion andcapable of movements toward and away from.

said brake-bar, means for swinging said bar toward said shoe and formoving said shoe in the plane in which said bar swings, and means forregulating the limit of such movements.

4. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, and a brake-barflexibly connected to the other portion and capable of swinging inintersecting planes and adjusted to permit of movements toward and awayfrom-said brake-shoe and capable of partly revolving around said shoe,and means for forcing bar and brakeshoe one against the other in adirection lateral to said movements.

5. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar flexiblyconnected with the other portion and capable of swinging in intersectingplanes and adjusted to permit of movements toward and away from saidshoe, and

of a vehicle, while I guard at the same time against binding between anyof the parts of the structure during such movements. In employinghardened bearing-balls, as 35 and 44, as brake-shoes I not only obtainsuch spherical shoes at very low expense, but also permit of thebrake-bar 2O assuming varying relative positions with reference to thesame without varying the amounts of operative bearing-surfaces andwithout producing binding actions between the brake-bar and thebrake-shoes. I am also enabled in case balls 44 should wear on one sidevto reverse the same and utilize their opposite sides. By having anindependent bearing-plate, as 32, form part of frame 30 I am enabled toreadily renew the same whenever necessary. By securing bar 1 betweenbearing E and spring 0 by means of yokes D, I firmly confine said barand the joints integral therewith in their positions without thenecessity of drilling any holes for such purpose in any portions of thevehicle. By employing an auxiliary spring, as 53, I am enabled togreatly add to the spring-power applied to the brake-shoes and thebrake-bar when the latter departs considerably from its normal position.By making the yoke within which bar 20 moves up and down sectional I notonly add to the flexibility of the device, but also greatly facilitatethe mounting and adjustment of its parts. The air-cushioning device,embodying cylinder 8 and connecting parts, and the frictional brakingdevice, embodying brake-bar 20 and the parts connecting therewith,.areso arranged and proportioned thatwhen ball 44 occupies the positionindicated in dotted lines opposite part 7) of bar 20 piston 11 will beopposite part b of cylinder 8 and that when ball 44 is placed in theposition 0' the piston will be opposite points 0 in said cylinder sothat as reversals in the movements of said piston and said bar takeplace simultaneously perfect freedom will be allowed in such movementsat those times.

While it will be observed that the air-cushioning devices may each beemployed independent of the other for regulating the actions of spring Cas well as the frictional braking mechanism, I prefer to employ the samejointly, as the frictional braking device will take care of roughshocks, while the aircushioning device will moderate and soften theaction of the same.

In place of the air-cushioning device above referred to any othersuitable device of this characteras, for instance, the one illustratedin Fig. 2 of my United States Patent No 689,969-might be employed incombination with the frictional braking mechanism described.

By employing in combination with spring 0 a braking device forregulating and for yieldingly resisting the action of said spring and anauxiliary spring or bolster or buffer,

as F, I am enabled to not only materially re duce the injurious tensionswhich would otherwise be imparted to spring C, but also to moderate andregulate the actions of said spring by a less powerful and much moresensitive braking device and having less play and being of smallerdimensions than would have to be employed otherwise.

In the modified braking device illustrated in Iiigs. 7 and 8 a compoundbrake-bar 63 is hinged at 64 to two clamps 65, secured to axle 11 bybolts 66. Said brake-bar consists of the two members 63 and 63, jointedtogether at their upper ends by a pin 67, and of a screw 63 passingthrough member 63' and resting upon member 63 for adjusting the relativepositions of such members. 68 68 are lugs on member 63 for preventingrelative lateral displacements of such members. 69 is ad'ouble bracketfixedly attached to body 10 by bolts 70, its two arms 71 and 72extending forward and being connected by a bar 73, locking into suitablerecesses in said arms and secured thereto by screws 74. Bar 63 passesthrough the yoke formed by said bracket and said bar 73. 75 is a framesimilar to frame 30, but made of one piece and carrying only one ball76, which is permitted to travel upward and downward within socket 77 onsaid frame. Frame 75 is provided with lugs 78, made to ride upon bracket69 and bar 73. The inclination of frame 75 and its position relative tomember 63 are regulated by set-screws 79 and 80, passing through arm 72.81 is a frame on the opposite side of brake'bar 63, provided with lugs82, riding on bracket 69 and bar 73 and containing a socket in whichbearing-ball 83, which is to serve as a brake-shoe, is inserted. 84 is aspiral spring inserted between frame 81 and a plate 85, which by meansof suitable lugs is also capable of riding and traveling on yoke 69 73.Said spring may be tensioned by means of screw 86. 84 is a springauxiliary to spring 84 and which can receive tension only afterspring 84has been tensioned to some extent. The faces of members 63 and 63 areeach provided with a groove into which balls 76 and 83, respectively,fit and within which the same travel, said balls in conjunction withsaid grooves forming universal joints, which provide for the necessaryflexibility between the different parts. Joint 64 should be madesufficiently free to allow bar 63 to slightly oscillate toward and awayfrom partA in case of relative movements in said directions by such partA and axle 11.

In Figs. 9 and 10 I show acontinuous yoke 87, which may be fixedlyattached to the body 10 of the vehicle. 88 is a solid brake-bar, havingits two operative faces parallel, longitudinal corrugations 89 on one ofsaid faces engaging with corresponding corrugations 90 on the convexbraking-surface of a brake-shoe 91, which is made to ride on yoke 87 bymeans of lugs 92, which are allowed sufficient play so as to permit saidbrake-shoe to slightly revolve upon a universal oint 93, interposedbetween it and a shoe 94, which shoe is closely guided along said yokeby its:

flanges 95. 96 is the end portion of a rubber spring inserted withinsaid yoke and adapted to enforce operative contact between brakebar 88and brake-shoe 91 on one side and a cam 97 forming a brake-shoe on theopposite side when the brake-bar is moving downward. Said cam is pivotedto the yoke by a pin 98, the operative cam-surface X Y being nearest tosaid pivot at X and further therefrom at Y. 99 and 100 are two lugs onsaid cam, lug 99 being adapted to engage with and to be arrested by ascrew 101, passing through an abutment 102 on said yoke, and 100 toengage with a screw 103. passing through an abutment 104 on said yoke,whereby the extreme play of said cam may be regulated. The tension ofspring 96 is so adjusted that as brakebar 88 is moving upward it willcontact with said cam under sufficient pressure to by its movement swingthe same in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 10 until the portion X isbrought directly opposite bar 88. This will allow spring 96 to expandsufficiently to reduce the frictional braking contact between shoes 91and 97 and bar 88, so as to allow comparatively free upward movement ofsaid bar, while upon its return movement it will swing cam 97 back intothe position shown in Fig. 10 and will thereby produce increasedcompression of spring 96, and consequently increased braking action onsaid bar. The surface on bar 88 facing cam 97 I prefer to provide with agroove 89 substantially fitting the rounded bearing-surface on said cam.

I do not wish to confine myself to the details and detail combinationsabove set forth, as the same might be varied materially without-departing from the spirit of my inven tion. Other forms of stationarybrake-shoes might be substituted for those illustrated, and rollersmight be made to take the place of traveling bearing-balls 35 and 76.Instead of making the upper and the lower portions of grooves 58straight they might also be made curving to assist in bringing about theresults obtained in making the bearing-surfaces on the rear face of barcam-shaped. Instead of having two joints between brackets 3 and bar 20one universal joint might be used. The brake-bar instead of being madesectional or compound might be made solid, and any suitable form ofspring might be used instead of the spiral and rubber springsillustrated for enforcing operative contact between the brake-bar andthe brake-shoes. Further, such springs might be so tensioned that at anystage of the movement of the brake-bar and also while the same isstationary and in its normal position braking action be produced. The

brake-bar need not necessarily be made to move vertically and might beadjusted to move downward during direct action of spring 12 and upwardduring reaction of the same.

:A spring, as 50, might be placed behind a brake-shoe, as 44, on eachside of the brakebar 20. Where, however, a ball or a roller adapted totravel on a frame 31 32 33 is to be used, such frame might be hinged atits upper end and provided with a spring in the rear 7 of the lower endof said frame for forcing the latter toward the brake-bar. Whenrequired, the hinge of the brake-bar might be placed directly oppositecasing 49, and, further, the

brake-bar may be kept in contact with the brake-shoe onlyintermittently.

1 claim 1. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-barmounted upon the other portion and adjusted to permit of longitudinalmovements toward and away from said brake-shoe, means for forcing barand brake-shoe one against the other in a direction lateral to saidmovements, and means for regulating the intensity of the force soapplied to bar and shoe while the same occupy the same relativepositions.

2. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, and a brake-barpivoted to the other portion and adjusted to permit of movements of saidbar and its pivot toward and away from said brakeshoe, means forswinging said bar toward said shoe, and means for regulating the extentof such swinging movements.

3. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a pivot provided on one of said portions, a brake-bar capable ofrocking around said pivot, a brake- ,shoe mounted upon the other portionand capable of movements toward and away from said brake-bar, means forswinging said bar toward said shoe and for moving said shoe in the planein which said bar swings, and means for regulating the limit of suchmovements.

4. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portionsQand a brake-barflexibly connected to the other portion and capable of swinging inintersecting planes and adjusted to permit of move ments toward and awayfrom said brake-shoe and capable of partly revolving around said shoe,and means for forcing bar and brakeshoe one against the other in adirection lat-' eral to said movements.

5. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a

brake-bar flexibly connected with the other.

portion and capable of swinging in intersecting planes and ad usted topermit of movements toward and away from said shoe, and

means for forcing bar and brake-shoe one againstthe other in a directionlateral to said movements.

6. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a casing carrying asuitable braking-surface mounted upon said frame, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion and adjusted to reciprocate toward and away fromsaid braking-surface, means for resisting movements of said casing inthe direction of the reciprocating movement of said bar, and means foryieldingly resisting movements of said casing at right angles to saidreciprocating movement.

7. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon oneof said portions,a brake-shoe mounted uponsaid frame, a brake-bar mount ed upon the other portion, means foradjusting the position of said frame relative to the portion of thestructure upon which it is mounted while said relatively movableportions of the structure maintain their relative positions, and meansfor enforcing braking action between said bar and said shoe.

8. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion and adjusted to successively have differentportions of its surface contact with said brakeshoe,a spring for holdingbar and brakeshoe one against the other, and screw-thread arrangementfor adjusting the tension of said spring.

9. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion and adjusted to successively have differentportions of its surface contact with said brake-shoe,a spring forholding bar and brakeshoe one against the other, means for adjusting thetension of said spring, while brakebar and brake-shoe occupy the samerelative positions.

10. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion and adapted to successively have differentportions of its surface contact with said brakeshoe, and two springsadjusted to successively produce frictional braking action between"brake-bar and brake-shoe.

11. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure,-of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-barmounted upon the other portion and adapted to successively havedifferent portions of its surface contact with said brakeshoe, a springfor holding bar and brake-shoe one against the other, a second springfor intermittently producing pressure between brake-bar and brake-shoe,and means for adjusting the extent to which the first spring is to beactuated before actuating the second spring.

12. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakebar mounted upon one of said portions, a sectional frameprovided with a suitable braking-surface for engaging with said barmounted upon the other portion, and means for forcing bar and frame onetoward the other, a joint being provided between the sections of saidframe for permitting rocking movement of one of said sections upon theother.

13. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakebar mounted upon one of said portions, a sectional frameprovided with a suitable braking-surface for engaging with said barmounted upon the other portion, and means for forcing bar andbraking-surface one toward the other, a hinged joint being providedbetween the sections of said frame.

14. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion and adjusted to reciprocate with reference tosaid brake-shoe, means for forcing bar and brakeshoe one against theother, and means for producing different degrees of friction between agiven surface on said brake-shoe and two given surfaces on said barsuccessively engaging therewith, and means for varying the differencesin the degrees of friction so produced.

15. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion,and means for producing friction between a givensurface on said bar and a given surface on said shoe while one is movingwith reference to the other, and automatic means for producing adifferent degree of friction between the same surfaces while bar andshoe are moving in a different direction, one with refer-- ence to theother.

16. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a bar mounted upon theother portion and adjusted to reciprocate with reference to saidbrakeshoe, and means for successively producing braking action betweenbar and brake-shoe, and automatically interrupting such braking actionwhile the bar is traveling in the same direction and facing saidbrake-shoe.

17. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of abrakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, and a sectionalbrake-bar mounted upon the other portion, means applied to one of thesections of said bar for producing braking action between its othersection and said shoe, and

means for varying the relative positions of .said sections.

18. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a sectional brake-barmounted upon the other portion, a hinge between the sections of saidbar, a stay between said sections, and means applied to one of thesections of said bar for producing braking action between its othersection and said shoe.

19. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure,'of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a sectionalbrake-bar mounted upon the other portion, a hinge between the sectionsof said bar, means for guiding one of the sections of said bar upon theother section, a stay between said sections, and means applied to one ofsaid sections for producing braking action between the other section andsaid shoe.

- 20. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of two brakeshoes mounted upon one of said portions and asectional brake-bar mounted upon the other portion, one of said shoesengaging with one of the sections of the brake-bar, and the other shoeengaging with the other section, and means for varying the relativepositions of said sections while in engagement with said shoes. I

21.. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of two brakeshoes mounted upon one of said portions and asectional brake-bar mounted upon the other portion, one of said shoesengaging with one of the sections of the brake-bar and the other shoeengaging with the other section, means for producing variations in therelative posi tions of said sections,-and means for yieldingly resistingsuch variations.

22. The combination with two relatively movable portions'of a structure,of a bar attached to one of said portions, two brakeshoes on oppositesides of said bar adjusted toengage with said bar, said bar being capa--ble of sliding toward and away from said shoes, and means for exertingyielding pressure upon said bar and said brake-shoes lateral to thedirection of the travel of said bar. 23. The combination with tworelatively movable portions of a structure, of a brakeshoe mounted uponone of said portions and a brake-bar mounted upon the other portion andadjusted to reciprocate with reference to said shoe while producingbraking action in contact therewith, portion of the operativebraking-surface of said bar being made receding with reference toanother portion of such surface made toengage with said shoe at anotherperiod of such movement of the bar.

.24. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure,of aspherical brake-shoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-barmounted upon the other portion and adjusted to reciprocate withreference to said brake-shoe, and means for forcing bar and shoe oneagainst the other.

25. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure,of aspherical brake-shoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-barmounted upon the other portion and adjusted to reciprocate withreference to said brake-shoe, and means for yieldingly forcing bar andshoe one against the other.

26. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spherical brake-shoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-barmounted upon the other portion,

a 'groove being provided along which said shoe 1s made to travel, and aspring for forc ing bar and shoe one against the other.

27. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a multiplicity of spherical brake-shoes mounted upon one of saidportions, a brake-bar mounted upon the other portion and adjusted toimpart simultaneous movements in the same directions to said shoes, andmeans for yieldingly forcing bar and shoes one against the other.

28. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a spherical brake-shoeinserted in a socket substantially confining said shoe in its positionupon said frame, a brake-bar mounted upon the other section, and meansfor yieldingly forcing bar and brake-shoe one against the other.

29. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion and adjusted to reciprocate with reference tosaid brake-shoe, said bar being provided with a groove along which saidbrake-shoe moves during braking action.

30. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe with convex bearing-surface mounted upon one of saidportions and a brake-bar mounted upon the other portion and providedwith an undulating bearing-surface, the un dulations on said surfacebeing adapted to successively engage with said brake-shoe.

31. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of two brakeshoes mounted upon one of said portions, and a brake-barmounted upon the other portion and provided with two undulating faces,the undulations on one of said faces being adapted to successivelyengage with one of said brakeshoes, and the undulations on the otherface being adapted to successively engage with the other brake-shoe.

32. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,and a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a

brake-bar mounted upon the other portion, and means for producingbraking action between said bar and said shoo while the bar is moving inone direction and for displacing said brake-shoe with reference to theportion of the structure upon which it is mounted while the bar ismoving in another direction.

33. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion, and means for producing braking action betweensaidbar and said shoe while the bar is moving in one direction and forautomatically displacing said brake-shoe with reference to the portionof the structure upon which it is mounted while the bar is moving inanother direction.

. shoe while the bar is moving in the opposite direction.

35. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brake-bar mounted upon one of said portions, a brakeshoe mountedupon the other portion, and means for successively enforcing rolling andsliding frictional braking action between bar and shoe, while bar andshoe are moving one with reference to the other.

36. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,ofa brake-bar mounted upon one of said portions, a frame mounted uponthe other portion, a brake-shoe capable of rolling upon the same, andmeans for successively enforcing frictional braking action duringrelative reciprocating movements of bar and shoe and while said shoe isrolling upon .said frame and also while it is stationary with referenceto said frame.

37. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a bearingball capable oftraveling upon said frame, a brake-bar adapted to move said ball indifferent directions upon said frame, and a spring for forcing said bartoward said ball and for thereby varying the distance between said balland one of the seats of said spring.

38. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a depression beingprovided upon said frame, a bearing-ball adapted to travel within saiddepression, a brake-bar adapted to impart reciprocating movement to saidball in said depression, and means for producing a greater frictionalcontact between bar and ball while said ball is resting against oneportion of said depression, than while it is resting against anothersuch portion.

39. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a bearingball capable oftraveling upon said frame, a brake-bar adapted to move said ball upwardand adjusted to have braking action imparted to it by said ball upondownward movement of the same.

40. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a brakeshoe capable ofrolling upon said frame, a brake-bar adapted to roll saidbrake-shoe-upward and adjusted to have braking action imparted to it bysaid brake-shoe when the same rolls downward.

41. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a brakeshoe capable ofrolling upon said frame, a brake-bar adapted to roll said brake-shoe indifferent directions along said frame, and a spring for forcing said bartoward said shoe and for thereby varying the distance between said shoeand one of the seats of said spring.

42. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a brakeshoe, a brake-baradapted to roll said brakeshoe in different directions along said frame,and means for automatically increasing and reducing the friction betweensaid bar and said shoe, and also for dispensing with brak ing actionswhile said bar moves opposite said shoe.

4:3. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of a frame mounted upon one of said portions, a brakeshoe, abrake-bar adapted to roll said shoe in diflerent directions along saidframe, and means for varying the inclination of the path of said shoewith reference to said bar.

44. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakebar mounted upon one of said portions, a frame mounted uponthe other portion, a brake-shoe adapted to be moved along said frame bysaid bar, said frame comprising a detachable bearing-plate along whichsaid brake-shoe travels, and means for forcing said bar against saidbrake-shoe and said shoe against said plate.

45. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion and adjusted to oscillate toward and away fromthe portion of the structure upon which said brake-shoe is mounted,during relative movements of the portions of said structure.

46. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, and a brake-barmounted upon the other portion and adapted to produce braking actionupon said shoe during relative movements of said portions of thestructure and during movements of said bar opposite said shoe and meansfor automatically interrupting such braking action while brake-bar andbrake-shoe are continuing to travel one opposite the other.

47. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a yoke flexibly mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-shoesupported upon the arms of said yoke and adapted to move along thesame,a

movable portions of a structure, of a yoke mounted upon one of saidportions, a casing mounted upon and ad usted to travel along said yoke,a brake-shoe mounted upon said I casing, a brake-bar mounted upon theother portion, and means for forcing bar and easing one toward theother.

50. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a brake-bar mounted upon one of said portions, a brakeshoe mountedupon the other portion and interposed between the same and said bar,screwthread arrangement for adjusting the relative positions of saidbrake-shoe and the portion of the structure upon which it is mounted,and

means for forcing said bar against said shoe.

51. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a yoke mounted upon one of said portions, a brakeshoe mounted uponsaid yoke, a brake-bar mounted upon the other portion and adjusted toextend through said brake-shoe while in operative engagement with saidyoke, means for holding bar and shoe one against the other and asectional casing around said bar and said shoe and divided along saidyoke.

52. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a sectional yoke mounted upon one of sald portions, a

' --brake-shoe mounted upon said yoke in the space between its'sections,and a brake-bar mounted upon the other portion, said bar being made tocoact with said shoe within such space, and means for forcing bar andshoe one against the other.

53. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a'brakeshoe mounted upon one of said portions, a brake-bar mountedupon the other portion and adjusted to reciprocate with reference tosaid brake-shoe, means for varying the distance between the free end ofthe brake-bar and the portion of the structure upon which said bar ismounted, and means for forcing bar and shoe one against the other.

5 L. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-shoe mountedupon one of said portions, a brakebar mounted upon the other portion andadjusted to reciprocate with reference to said shoe during actions andreactions of said spring, and means for forcing bar and shoe one towardthe other, and means for regulating the intensity of the force soapplied to bar and shoe while they occupy the same relative positions.

55. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar mounted upon one ofsaid portions, a brakeshoe mounted upon the other portion, means forproducing stronger frictional braking action between said bar and saidshoe while the spring is reacting, than during direct actions of saidspring, and means for varying the differences between such frictionalbraking actions while brake-bar andv brake-shoe occupy correspondingrelative positions.

56. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, abrake-bar mounted upon one ofsaid portions and a brake-shoe mounted upon the other portion, and meansfor producing stronger frictional braking action between said bar andsaid shoe during extensive direct actions of said spring than duringmore moderate direct actions.

57. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar mounted upon one ofsaid portions, a brakeshoe mounted upon the other portion, means forproducing stronger frictional braking action between said bar and saidshoe while the spring is reacting than during direct actions of saidspring, a second spring for forcing brake-bar and brake-shoe one againstthe other, andmeans for adjusting the tension of said spring.

58. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar mounted upon one ofsaid portions andabrakeshoe mounted upon the other portion, and meansfor enforcing braking contact between bar and shoe-while the spring isacting and to have the same out of braking contact while the spring isnot acting.

59. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar mounted upon one ofsaid portions and abrakeshoe mounted upon the other portion, and meansfor producing weaker frictional braking action between said bar and saidshoe during extensive direct actions of said spring than during moremoderate direct actions.

60. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar mounted upon one ofsaid portions and a brakeshoe mounted upon the other portion, and meansfor producing weaker frictional braking action between said bar and saidshoe during extensive reactions of said spring than during more moderatereactions.

61. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar mounted upon one ofsaid portions and a brakeshoe mounted upon the other portion, and meansfor producing stronger frictional braking action between said bar andsaid shoe during extensive direct actions and reactions of said springthan during more moderate direct actions and reactions.

62. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the. same, a brake-bar mounted upon oneof said portions and a brakeshoe mounted upon the other portion, andmeans for producing weaker frictional braking action between said barand said shoe during extensive direct actions and reactions of saidspring than during more moderate direct actions and reactions.

63. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brakebar mounted upon one ofsaid portions and a brakeshoe mounted upon the other portion, and meansfor producing stronger frictional braking actions duringdirect actionsof said spring and during reactions of said spring beyond its normalcondition than while said spring occupies intermediate positions.

64:. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar mountedupon one of said portions and a brakeshoe mounted upon the otherportion, and means for producing stronger frictional braking actionswhile the spring is under tension greater than its normal tension thanwhen it is under tension less than its normal tension.

65. The combination with tworelatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar provided with acam-surface mounted upon one of said portions, and a brake-shoe with acurving braking-surface mounted upon the other portion, and elasticmeans for enforcing operative frictional contact between saidbraking-surface and said cam-surface during reactions of said spring.

66. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, aframe mounted upon one of saidportions, a brake-shoe capable of traveling upon said frame, a brakebaradjusted to move said brake-shoe upward during direct action of saidspring and to have braking action imparted to it by said brake-shoe uponreaction of said sprin 67. The combination with-two relatively movableportions of a structure of a spring interposed between the same, a framemounted upon one of said portions, a brake-shoe capable of travelingupon said frame, and a brake-bar adjusted to roll said brake-shoe upwardduring direct action of said spring, said brake-shoe being adjusted toroll downward during reaction of said spring.

68. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a brake-bar mounted upon one ofsaid portions, a brake shoe mounted upon the other portion, and meansfor enforcing greater frictional braking action between said bar andsaid shoe when the spring is moving between its normal position and anextreme position, than when it is changing the direction of its movementwhile in such extreme position.

69. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, and means-for permitting freedirect action of said spring and for applying frictional braking actionduring reaction of said spring.

70. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, and means for permitting freeaction of said spring while the same is moving in one direction, and forapplying frictional braking action while said spring is moving in theopposite direction.

71. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, and means for permitting freeaction of said spring during part of its travel in one direction and forapplying frictional braking action during another part of such travel inthe same direction.

72. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, and means for permitting freeaction of said spring during part of its travel in one direction, forapplying braking action during another part of such travel in the samedirection, and for applying braking action throughout its return travel.

7 3. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of a spring interposed between the same, means for retainingsaid spring in its position upon one of said portions, and a devicecomprising relatively movable parts forregulating the action of saidspring, one of said parts of the regulating device being confined in itsproper position relative to one of said portions of the structure by themeans for retaining said spring in its position.

74:. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of a spring interposed between the same, said springcomprising a multiplicity of leaves, a yoke for retaining said leaves intheir proper relative positions, a device comprising relatively movableparts for regulating the action of said spring, one of said parts of theregulating device being held in its proper position relative to one ofsaid portions of the structure by said yoke.

75. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same and comprising a multiplicity ofleaves placed lengthwise with reference to each other, a yoke retainingsaid leaves 1n the1r proper relative posltions, a device for comprisingrelatively movable parts for regulating the action of said spring,

' movable portions of a structure, of a leafspring interposed betweenthe same, yokes for confining said spring in contact with one of saidmovable portions, a plate interposed between said yokes and said movableportion and provided with a lug extending at right angles from saidplate, and a device for regulating the action of said spring articulatedto said lug.

7 7 The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, an air-check, a friction-brake,and means for simultaneously actuating said air-check and saidfrictionbrake during relative displacements of the two portions of saidstructure.

78. The combination with two relatively movable port-ions of astructure, of a spring interposed between the same, an air-check, afriction-brake, means for simultaneously aetuating said air-check andsaid friction-brake during relative displacements of the two portions ofsaid structure, and means for providing greater resistance in saidfrictional braking device to reactions of said spring than tocorresponding direct actions.

79. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, an air-cheek, a friction-brake,means for simultaneously actuating said air-check and saidfriction-brake during relative displacements of the two portions of saidstructure, and means for providing greater resistance in said air-checkand in said friction-brake to reactions of said spring than to directactions of the same.

80. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, an air-check, a friction-brake,means for simultaneously actuating said air-check and saidfriction-brake during relative displacements of the two portions of saidstructure, and means for keeping said air-check and said friction-brakeout of action while said spring is occupying its normal position.

81. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, an air-check, a friction-brake,and joint means for attaching said air-check and said friction-brake tosaid relatively movable portions of the structure.

82. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a friction-brake, an air-checkcomprising a cylinder, and a piston movable therein, the interiordiameter of said cylinder being enlarged opposite the position occupiedby said piston when the spring is in its normal position, thefriction-brake and the air-check being adapted to be actuatedsimultaneously during relative movements of the portions of thestructure.

83. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a spring interposed between the same, a friction-brake,

an air-check comprising a cylinder, and a piston movable therein, theinterior diameter of said cylinder being enlarged opposite the positionoccupied by the piston corresponding with an extreme position occupiedby the spring, the friction-brake and the air-check being adapted to beactuatedsimultaneously during relative movements of the portions of thestructure.

84:. The combination with two relatively movable portions of astructure, of a main spring interposed between the same, an auxiliaryspring adapted to come into action after initial direct action ofaforesaid spring, and a braking device for controlling the action of themain spring within the limits permitted by the auxiliary spring.

85. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a main spring interposed between the same, an auxiliary springadapted to come into action after initial-direct action of aforesaidspring, and a friction-brake adjusted to control movements of said mainspring while said auxiliary spring is not in operation.

86. The combination with two relatively movable portions of a structure,of a main spring interposed between the same, an auxiliary springadapted to come into action after initial direct action of aforesaidspring, and a friction-brake adjusted to control the actions of saidmain spring and of said auxiliary spring.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specificatiomin thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses, this 14th day of March, 1905.

CHARLES L. HORACK.

Witnesses:

HUGO R. M. MOELLER, M. FLINT.

